Changes in the structure and composition of two Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii forests over a century of different silvicultural treatments
Abstract
Silvicultural treatments imply the felling of trees, which can modify species composition and structural diversity. Consequently, it is important to assess the influence of silvicultural treatments on forest composition and structure. The principal objective of this study was to analyze changes in the composition and structural diversity of two forests: Los Palancares y Agregados (Cuenca Mountain Range, Central-east of Spain) and Navahondona (Cazorla Mountain Range, Southeast of Spain), managed under two different silvicultural methods, i.e. shelterwood and selection. Forest inventory data, covering nearly a century of forest management, were used to follow changes in the number of trees and standing volume. Shannon’s index was computed for tree species composition and diameter classes, considering forest comparments as sampling units. Diversity profiles were constructed to follow changes in horizontal diameter class diversity. A partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) was conducted to asses the relative contribution of silvicultural treatments in explaining differences in the current structure of the two study forests. Results showed that silvicultural treatments favoured Spanish black pine and did not benefit other tree species. The number of large trees and the values of Shannon’s index decreased in both forests over the study period, but the forest under the uneven-aged silvicultural method showed higher values for both variables. Implications for sustainable forestry are discussed.Downloads
References
Anderson R., Östlund L., 2004. Spatial patterns, density changes and implications on biodiversity for old trees in the boreal landscape of northern Sweden. Biological Conservation 118, 443-453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2003.09.020
Araque E., Sánchez J.D., 2005. Aprovechamientos y usos históricos de los pinares de Pinus nigra en las sierras de Cazorla y Segura. In: Los pinares de Pinus nigra Arn. en España: ecología, uso y gestión (García-Abril A., Grande M.A., eds). Fundación Conde del Valle de Salazar. pp. 505-534. [In Spanish].
Bravo F., Peso C., Río M., 2003. El inventario forestal nacional elemento clave para la gestión forestal sostenible. Fundación General de la Universidad de Valladolid. 191 pp. [In Spanish].
Bravo F., Osorio L.F., Pando V., Peso C., 2010. Longterm implications of traditional forest regulation methods applied to Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) forests in central Spain: a century of management plans. iForest 3, 33-38.
Degraff R.M., HESTBECK J.B., YAMASAKI M., 1998. Associations between breeding bird abundance and stand structure in the White Mountains, New Hampshire and Maine, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 1998, 217-233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00213-2
Franklin J.F., Spies T.A., Van Pelt R., Carey A.B., Thornburgh D.A., BERG D.R. et al., 2002. Disturbances and structural development of natural forest ecosystems with silvicultural implications, using Douglasfir forests as an example. Forest Ecology and Management 155, 399-423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00575-8
García-Abril A., Martín Fernández S., Grande Ma.A, Manzanera J.A., 2007. Stand structure, competition and growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in a Mediterranean mountainous environment. Annals of Forest Sciences 64, 825-830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2007069
Hunter M.L. Jr. (ed), 1999. Maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Cambridge University Press. 698 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613029
Jonsson B.G., Jonsell M., 1999. Exploring potential biodiversity indicators in boreal forests. Biodiversity and Conservation 8, 1417-1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008900309571
Kirby P., 1992. Habitat management for invertebrates: a practical handbook. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, Bedfordshire. 150 pp.
Lähde E., Laiho O., Norokorpi Y., Saksa T., 1999. Stand structure as the basis of diversity index. Forest Ecology and Management 115, 213-230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00400-9
Linares J.C., Carreira J.A., Ochoav. ,2010. Human impacts drive forest structure and diversity. Insights from Mediterranean mountain forest dominated by Abies pinsapo (Boiss.). European Journal of Forest Research. doi: 10.1007/s10342-010-0441-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-010-0441-9
Linares J.C., Tíscar P.A., 2011. Buffered climate change effects in a Mediterranean pine species: range limit implications from a tree-ring study. Oecologia. doi: 10.1007/s00442-011-2012-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2012-2
Lucas M.E., 2008. La regeneración natural del pino laricio (Pinus nigra subsp. salzamnannii) en la Serranía de Cuenca: base de la gestión forestal del MUP. nº 106 «Los Palancares y Agregados». Doctoral thesis. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. [In Spanish].
Mackay E., 1917. La sierra de Cazorla, bajo su aspecto forestal. In: Escritos forestales sobre las sierras de Segura y Cazorla (Araque E., comp). Diputación Provincial de Jaén. pp. 273-336. [In Spanish].
Madrigal A., 1994. Ordenación de Montes Arbolados. MAPA-ICONA: Colección técnica. 375 pp. [In Spanish].
Magurran A.E., 1988. Ecological diversity and its measurement. Chapman and Hall, London, UK. 179 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7358-0
Mcelhinny C., Gibbons P., Brack C., Bauhus J., 2005. Forest and woodland stand structural complexity: Its definition and measurement. Forest Ecology and Management 218, 1-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.034
Molino F., 1996. Los coleópteros saproxílicos de Andalucía. Doctoral thesis. Universidad de Granada. [In Spanish].
Montes F., Sánchez M., Río M., Cañellas I., 2005. Using historic management rcords to characterize the effects of management on the structural diversity of forests. Forest Ecology and Management 207, 279-293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.031
Neumann M., Starlinger F., 2001. The significance of different indices for stand structure and diversity in forests. Forest Ecology and Management 145, 91-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00577-6
Ninyerola M., Pons X., Roure J.M., 2005. Atlas climático digital de la Península Ibérica. Metodología y aplicaciones en bioclimatología y geobotánica. [online]. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra. Available in: http://opengis.uab.es/wms/iberia/index.htm. [1 July 2011].
Noss R.F., 1990. Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: a hierarchical approach. Conservation Biology 4, 355-364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00309.x
O'Hara K.L., NAGEL L.M., 2006. A functional comparison of productivity in even-aged and muliaged stands: a synthesis for Pinus ponderosa. Forest Science 52, 290-303.
Osorio L.F., Bravo F., Zaldívar P., Pando V., 2009. Forest structure and plant diversity in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) stands in central Spain. Invest Agrar: Sist Recur For 18, 314-321.
Plieninger T., Pulido F.J., Konold W, 2003. Effects of land-use history on size structure of holm oak stands in Spanish dehesas: implications for conservation and restoration. Environmental Conservation 30, 61-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0376892903000055
Rivas-Martínez S., 1987. Mapa de las Series de Vegetación de España. ICONA, Madrid. 252 pp.
Saunders M.K., Wagner R.G., 2008. Long-term spatial and structural dynamics in Acadian mixedwood stands managed under various silvicultural systems. Can J For Res 38, 498-517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/X07-155
Seymour R.S., Hunter M.L. Jr., 1999. Principles of ecological forestry: In: Maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems (Hunter M.L., ed). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. pp. 22-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613029.004
Solomon D.S., Gove J.H., 1999. Effects of uneven-age management intensity on structural diversity in two major forest types in New England. Forest Ecology and Management 114, 265-274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00358-2
Staudhammer C.L., Lemay V.M., 2001. Introduction and evaluation of possible indices of stand structural diversity. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, 1105-1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-033
Telleria J.L., Santos T., Sánchez A., Galarza A., 1992. Habitat structure predicts bird diversity distribution in Iberian forest better than climate. Bird Study 39, 63-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063659209477100
Tíscar P.A., 2003. El papel de las aves y otros animales en la dispersión del género Quercus y arbustos de fruto carnoso en el interior de las repoblaciones de pino. Montes 74, 31-35. [In Spanish].
Tíscar P.A., 2004. Estructura, regeneración y crecimiento de Pinus nigra en el área de reserva Navahondona-Guadahornillos (Sierra de Cazorla, Jaén). Doctoral thesis. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. [In Spanish].
Tíscar P.A., Linares J.C., 2011. Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii forests from Southeast Spain: using structure and process information to guide management. In: Pine forests: types, threats and management (Frisiras C.T., ed). Nova Science Publishers Inc.
Tíscar P.A., 2007. Dinámica de regeneración de Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii al sur de su área de distribución: etapas, procesos y factores implicados. Invest Agrar: Sist Recur For 16, 124-135. [In Spanish].
Underwood A.J., 1997. Experiments in ecology. Their logical design and interpretation using analysis of variance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 522 pp.
Urbieta I.R., Zavala M.A., Marañón T., 2008. Human and non-human determinants of forest composition in southern Spain: evidence of shifts toward cork oak dominance as a result of management over the past century. Journal of Biogeography. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01914.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01914.x
Valladares F. (ed), 2004. Ecología del bosque mediterráneo en un mundo cambiante. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. 587 pp. [In Spanish].
Zamora R., Pugnaire F.I. (eds), 2001. Ecosistemas mediterráneos. Análisis funcional. CSIC-AEET Granada. 463 pp. [In Spanish]. PMCid:311063
Zuur A.F., Ieno E.N., Smith G.M., 2007 Analysing ecological data. Springer, New York. 672 pp. PMCid:2039845
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.
