Molecular characterization of autochthonous Turkish fig accessions
Abstract
Turkey is one of the main genetic centers for fig tree, Ficus carica L. The genetic variabilities of 76 fig accessions from Hatay province of Turkey were evaluated by analysis of 10 simple sequence repeats (SSR) loci. The number of alleles revealed by SSR analysis ranged from 3 to 12 alleles per locus with a mean value of 6.8. A total of 68 alleles were detected by SSR and the average heterozygosity was higher than the expected one. In addition, seven random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers detected a total of 68 clear and reproducible bands, 55 of which were polymorphic, so it was possible to effectively characterize these fig accessions with either marker techniques. In both marker systems, Mantel’s correlation between similarity scores and cophenetic values was moderately high (0.90 for RAPD and 0.87 for SSR), which demonstrated that the clustering patterns fitted the data well. The clusters obtained using these types of markers were independent. This study indicated that there is great genetic variability among local fig accessions, making them a valuable genetic source for incorporation into potential breeding programs especially for table fig selections.
Downloads
References
Aksoy U, Can HZ, Misirli A, Kara S, Seferoglu G, Sahin N, 2003. Fig (Ficus carica L.) selection study for fresh market in Western Turkey. Acta Hortic 605: 197-203.
Bandelj D, Javornik B, Jakse J, 2007. Development of microsatellite markers in the common fig, Ficus carica L. Mol Ecol Notes 7: 1311-1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01866.x
Baraket G, Chatti K, Saddoud O, Mars M, Marrakchi M, Trifi M, Hannachi AS, 2009. Genetic analysis of Tunisian fig (Ficus carica L.) cultivars using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Sci Hortic 120: 487-492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2008.12.012
Baranek M, Raddova J, Pidra M, 2006. Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in Prunus L. as revealed by RAPD and SSR markers. Sci Hortic 108: 253-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.01.023
Beck NG, Lord EM, 1988. Breeding system in Ficus carica, the common fig. I. Floral diversity. Am J Bot 75: 1904-1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2444745
Bowcock AM, Ruiz-Linares A, Tomfohrde J, Minch E, Kidd JR, Cavalli-Sforza LL, 1994. High resolution of human evolutionary trees with polymorphic microsatellites. Nature 368: 455-457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/368455a0 PMid:7510853
Cabrita LF, Aksoy U, Hepaksoy S, Leitao JM, 2001. Suitability of isozyme, RAPD and AFLP markers to assess genetic differences and relatedness among fig (Ficus carica L.) clones. Sci Hortic 87: 261-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(00)00181-3
Chakravarthy BK, Naravaneni R, 2006. SSR marker based DNA fingerprinting and diversity study in rice (Oryza sativa. L). Afr J Biotech 5: 684-688.
Çali?kan O, Polat AA, 2008. Fruit characteristics of fig cultivars and genotypes grown in Turkey. Sci Hortic 115: 360-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2007.10.017
Ergul A, Marasali B, Agao?lu YS, 2002. Molecular discrimination and identification of some Turkish grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) by RAPD markers. Vitis 41: 159-160.
Eroglu AS, 1982. Fig selection project. Erbeyli Agriculture Research Institute, Ayd?n, Turkey.
Giraldo E, Viruel MA, Lopez-Corrales M, Hormaza JI, 2005. Characterisation and cross-species transferability of microsatellites in common fig (Ficus carica L.). J Hortic Sci Biotech 80: 217-224.
Ikegami H, Nogata H, Hirashima K, Awamura M, Nakahara T, 2009. Analysis of genetic diversity among European and Asian fig varieties (Ficus carica L.) using ISSR, RAPD and SSR markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol 56: 201-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-008-9355-5
Ikten H, Mutlu N, Gulsen O, Kocatas H, Aksoy U, 2010. Elucidating genetic relationships, diversity and population structure among the Turkish female figs. Genetica 138: 169-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10709-009-9400-0 PMid:19711187
Ilgin M, Kuden AB, 1998. Table fig selections study in the Kahramanmaras province of Turkey. Acta Hortic 441: 351-358.
Khadari B, Hochu I, Santoni S, Kjellberg F, 2001. Identification and characterization of microsatellite loci in the common fig (Ficus carica L.) and representative species of the genus Ficus. Mol Ecol Notes 1: 191-193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8278.2001.00072.x
Khadari B, Hochu I, Santoni S, Oukabli A, Ater M, Roger JP, Kjellberg F, 2003. Which molecular markers are best suited to identify fig cultivars: a comparison of RAPD, ISSR and microsatellite markers. Acta Hortic 605: 69-75.
Khadari B, Oukabli A, Ater M, Mamouni A, Roger JP, Kjellber F, 2004. Molecular characterization of Moroccan fig germplasm using intersimple sequence repeat and simple sequence repeat markers to establish a reference collection. HortScience 40: 29-32.
Kjellberg F, Gouyon PH, Ibrahim M, Raymond M, Valdeyron G, 1987. The stability of the symbiosis between dioecious figs and their pollinators: a study of Ficus carica L. and Blastophaga psenes L. Evolution 41: 693-704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2408881
Leal AA, Mangolin CA, Do Amaral Junior AT, Gonçalves LSA, Scapim CA, Mott AS, Eloi IBO, Cordoves V, Da Silva MFP, 2010. Efficiency of RAPD versus SSR markers for determining genetic diversity among popcorn lines. Genet Mol Res 9: 9-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/vol9-1gmr692 PMid:20082266
Lefort F, Lally M, Thompson D, Douglas GC, 1998. Morphological traits, microsatellite fingerprinting and genetic relatedness of a stand of elite oaks (Q. robur L.) at Tullynally, Ireland. Silvae Genet 47: 5-6.
Minch E, Ruiz-Linares A, Goldstein DB, Feldman M, Cavalli-Sforza LL, 1995. Microsat (version 1.5d): a computer program for calculating various statistics on microsatellite allele data. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Paetkau D, Calvert W, Stirling I, Strobeck C, 1995. Microsatellite analysis of population structure in Canadian polar bears. Mol Ecol 4: 347-354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1995.tb00227.x PMid:7663752
Polat AA, Caliskan O, 2008. Fruit characteristics of table fig (Ficus carica) cultivars in subtropical climate conditions of the Mediterranean region. New Zeal J Crop Hort Sci 36: 107-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01140670809510226
Rohlf FJ, 1998. NTSYS-pc: Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System, version 2.0, user's guide. Exeter Software, Setauket, NY, USA.
Salhi-Hannachi A, Chatti K, Mars M, Marrakchi M, Trifi M, 2005. Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in two Tunisian collections of fig cultivars based on random amplified polymorphic DNA and inter simple sequence repeats fingerprints. Genet Resour Crop Evol 52: 563-573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-003-6096-3
Salhi-Hannachi A, Chatti K, Saddoud O, Mars M, Rhouma A, Marrakchi M, Trifi M, 2006. Genetic diversity of different Tunisian fig (Ficus carica L.) collections revealed by RAPD fingerprints. Hereditas 143: 15-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2005.0018-0661.01904.x PMid:17362329
Sneath PHA, Sokal RR, 1973. Numerical taxonomy. Freeman, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Soriano JM, Zuriaga Z, Rubio P, Llácer G, Infante R, Badenes ML, 2011. Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Mol Breeding: 119-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11032-010-9511-4
Tangolar SG, Soydam S, Bakir M, Karaagaç E, Tangolar S, Ergul A, 2009. Genetic analysis of grapevine cultivars from the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey based on SSR Markers. Tar?m Bilimleri Dergisi 15: 1-8.
Uzun HI, Polat I, Gözlekci S, 2003. Molecular identification of Turkish fig cultivars by fruit and leaf isozymes. Acta Hortic 605: 45-50.
Vinson JA, 1999. The functional food properties of fig. Cereal Foods World 4: 82-87.
Wagner HW, Sefc KM, 1999. Identity 1.0. Centre for Applied Genetics, Univ Agric Sci, Vienna.
Watson L, Dallwitz MJ, 2004. The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Available in http://delta-intkey.com [20 May, 2010].
Zavodna M, Arens P, Van Dijk P, Vosman B, 2005. Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for two dioecious Ficus species. Mol Ecol Notes 5: 355-357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.00924.x
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.