Precision techniques for improving the management of the olive groves of southern Spain
Abstract
Precision agriculture has progressed in integrating different techniques, but nowadays the environmental and economic benefits of implementing the concept remain unproven. This is the first study that analyzes the agronomic and economic impact of the application of precision agriculture to a specific crop. This paper presents a study applied to olive orchards at a high level of detail. The research is conducted in order to establish a methodology for integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) to implement precision agriculture in a specific olive grove in southern Spain. In this study the variability of five consecutive harvests, the homogeneous areas within the farm and the composition of the crop nutrients are all analysed. Different georeferenced management areas, analysis of cost of tillage, fertilization, herbicide treatments, pruning and harvesting are integrated into a GIS. In this study it has been possible to select a zone in the exploitation knowing immediately, for example, if the leaf N content was less than 1.5% in any campaign. The results show that detailed analyses in collecting the harvest and in the use of agrochemicals help to produce reductions in their use, with the consequent savings to olive growers and, in general, environmental benefits for the whole of society.Downloads
References
Aggelopoulou KD, Wulfsohn D, Fountas S, Gemtos TA, 2010. Spatial variation in yield and quality in a small apple orchard. Precis Agric 11(5): 538-556.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11119-009-9146-9
Alcal Jimnez AR, lamo Romero S, 1998a. Using GPS for yield mapping in olive orchards. Proc 1st Int Conf on Geospatial Information in Agriculture and Forestry. Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, 1-3 June, Volume II, pp: 633 - 637.
Alcal Jimnez AR, lamo Romero S, Feito Higueruela F, 1998b. Obtencin del mapa de cosecha de una explotacin de olivar en la provincia de Jan, mediante la utilizacin de la tcnica GPS. I Cong Nac de Informacin Geogrfica. Valladolid, Espaa, 6-8 de oct, p 11.
Arn J, Martnez Casasnovas JA, Ribes Dasi M, Rosell JR. (2009). Review. Precision viticulture. Research topics, challenges and opportunities in site-specific vineyard management. Span J Agric Res 7(4): 779-790.
Auernhammer H, Demmel M, Muhr T, Rottmeier J, Wild K, 1994. GPS for yield mapping on combines. Comput Electron Agr 11: 53-68.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1699(94)90052-3
Baez-Gonzalez AD, Chen P, Tiscareno-Lopez M, Srinivasan R, 2005. Using satellite and field data with crop growth modeling to monitor and estimate corn yield in Mexico. Crop Sci 42: 19431949.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2002.1943
Barbier G, Chabannes J, 1953. Contribution a ltude du bore dans le sol et les plantes. Ann Agron 1: 117.
Berzal F, Calero J, Cubero JC, Delgado G, Snchez D, Serrano JM, Vila MA, 2004. A fuzzy data mining application over user knowledge involving fuzzy resemblance relations. Proc Alternative Techniques in Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Workshop/4th Int Conf on Data Mining (ICDM2004), Brighton, UK, pp: 18.
Beutel J, Uriu K, Lilleland O. 1983. Leaf analysis for California deciduous fruits. In: Soil and plant tissue testing in California (Reisenauer HM, ed). Univ California, Berkeley. Division of Agricultural Science Bull 1879: 15-17.
Blackmore S, 2002. Developing the principles of precision farming. Available at http://www.agriculturadeprecision.org/cursos/IIITallerInternacional/Blackmore%20(CPF-KVL-DK)%20Procisur%2017-19%20Dic%202002.pdf [20 June 2008].
Blackmore S, 2003. The role of yield maps in precision farming. PhD thesis, Cranfield Univ. Available at http://www.cpf.kvl.dk/Papers/SIB_PhD.pdf. [13 May 2008].
Bramley RGV, Hamilton RP, 2004. Understanding variability in winegrape production systems. 1. Within vineyard variation in yield over several vintages. Aust J Grape Wine Res 10: 3245.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2004.tb00006.x
Bramley RGV, Proffitt APB, Hinze CJ, Pearse B, Hamilton RP, 2005. Generating benefits from precision viticulture through differential harvest. Proc 5th Eur Conf on Precis Agrice, Uppsala, pp: 891-898.
CAP, 2003. El olivar andaluz. Consejera de Agricultura y Pesca, Junta de Andaluca.
Casanova D, Epema GF, Goudriaan J, 1998. Monitoring rice reflectance at field level for estimating biomass and LAI, Field Crop Res 55: 8392.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00064-6
Cook SE, Adams ML, Bramley RGV, Whelan BM, 2006. Current status: Australia. Chapter 19. In: Handbook of precision agriculture: principles and applications (Srinivasam A, ed), Haworth Food Products Press, NY.
Ehsani R, Schumann A, Salyani M, 2009. Variable rate technology for Florida citrus. Inst Food Agric Sci, Univ Florida, USA.
Emmott AJ, Hall J, Matthews RB, 1997. The potential for precision farming in plantation agriculture. Precision Agriculture97. Vol. I. Spatial variability in soil and crop. I Eur Conf on Precis Agric, 8-10 September, Warwick Univ, UK. pp: 289-296.
Fernndez Escobar R, 1997. Fertilizacin. El cultivo del olivo, 9. Coed Consejera de Agricultura y Pesca de la Junta de Andaluca/Mundi-Prensa.
Fernndez Escobar R, Garca Novelo JM, Snchez Zamora MA, Uceda M, Beltrn G, Aguilera MP, 2002. Efecto del abonado nitrogenado en la produccin y la calidad del aceite de oliva. Dir Gral Invest Form Agrar Pesqu, Junta de Andaluca. Jornadas de Investigacin y Transferencia de Tecnologa al Sector Olecola, Crdoba (Espaa), pp: 299-302.
Golden Software Inc, 1999. Surfer 809, Golden. CO, USA.
Goutouly JP, Drissi R, Forget D, Gaudillire JP, 2006. Characterisation of vine vigor by ground based NDVI measurements. Proc VI Int Terroir Cong, ENITA, Bordeaux, pp: 237-242.
IEA, 2004. Anuario Estadstico de Andaluca 2004. Instituto Estadstico de Andaluca, Junta de Andaluca, Spain. Available at http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/iea/anuario/anuario04/index.htm. [7 September 2004].
Jones JB, Wolf B, Mills HA, 1991. Plant analysis handbook. Micro-Macro Publ, Athens, GA, USA.
Lambert DM, Lowenberg-Deboer J, 2000. Precision agriculture profitability review. Site-Specific Manage Cent, School Agric, Purdue Univ, 15 Sept. 154 pp. Available at http://mollisol.agry.purdue.edu/SSMC/Frames/newsoilsX.pdf. [12 Febrero 2005].
Lobell DB, Ortiz-Monasterio JI, Asner GP, Naylor RL, Falcon WP, 2005. Combining field surveys, remote sensing, and regression trees to understand yield variations in an irrigated wheat landscape. Agron J 97: 241249.
Lpez Granados F, Jurado Expsito M, lamo Romero S, Garca Torres L, 2004. Leaf nutrient spatial variability and site-specific fertilization maps within olive (Olea europaea L.) orchards. Eur J Agron 21: 209-222.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2003.08.005
Loumou A, Giourga C, 2003. Olive groves: the life and identity of the Mediterranean. Agr Hum Values 20: 8795.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022444005336
Lowenberg-Deboer J, 1996. Economics of precision farming: payoff in the future. Available at http://pasture.ecn.purdue.edu/~mmorgan/PFI/pfiecon.html. [12 Febrero 2005].
Lowenberg-DeBoer J, 2001. El estado mundial de la agricultura de precisin y el potencial en los pases en vas de desarrollo. Proc 9th AAPRESID Conf, Mar Del Plata, Argentina. pp: 79-92.
Magri A, Van Es H, Glos M and Cox W, 2005. Soil test, aerial image and yield data as inputs for site-specific fertility and hybrid management under maize. Precis Agric 6(1): 87110.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11119-004-0687-7
MAGRAMA, 2011. SIGA, Sistema de Informacin Geogrfico Agrario. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentacin y Medioambiente, Madrid. Available at http://sig.magrama.es/siga/. [15 Jan 2011].
Mapinfo Corporation (eds.), 2007. MapInfo Professional v. 9.0. Reference Guide, NY.
Marn L, Fernndez Escobar R, 1997. Optimization of nitrogen fertilization in olive orchards. Proc 3rd Int Symp of Mineral Nutrition of Deciduous Fruit Trees, Zaragoza, Spain, pp: 411-414.
Nemnyi M, Mesterhzi PA, Pecze ZS, Stpn ZS, 2003. The role of GIS and GPS in precision farming. Comput Electron Agric 40: 4555.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1699(03)00010-3
Ortega R, Esser A, Santibanes O, 2003. Spatial variability of wine grape yield and quality in Chilean vineyards: economic and environmental impacts. Proc 4th Eur Conf on Precis Agric, Berlin, pp: 499-506.
Panda SS, 2003. Data mining for precision management of crop. PhD. Dissertation, North Dakota St Univ, Fargo, ND, USA.
Prez-Ruiz M, Agera J, Gil JA, Slaughter DC, 2010. Optimization of agrochemical application in olive groves based on positioning sensor. Precision Agric 12: 564-575.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11119-010-9200-7
Ramos MI, Gil AJ, Feito FR, Garca-Ferrer A, 2007. Using GPS and GIS tools to monitor olive trees movements. Comput Electron Agr 57: 135-148.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2007.03.003
Ramos MI, Feito FR, Gil AJ, Cubillas JJ, 2008. A study of spatial variability of soil loss with high resolution DEMs: a case study of a sloping olive orchard in southern Spain. Geoderma 148: 1-12.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.08.015
Schueller JK, Whitney JD, Wheaton TA, Miller WM, Turner AE, 1999. Low-cost automatic yield mapping in hand-harvested citrus. Comput Electron Agr 23: 145-153.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1699(99)00028-9
Stafford JV, 2000. Implementing precision agriculture in the 21st century. J Agr Eng Res 76: 267- 275.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jaer.2000.0577
Stoorvogel JJ, Orlich RA, 2000. An integrated system for precision agriculture in bananas. Proc 5th Int Conf on Precis Agr, July 16-19. Bloomington, MN, USA. [In CD].
Swindell JEG, 1997. Mapping the spatial variability in the yield potential of arable land through GIS analysis of sequential yield maps. Precis Agric 1997. First Eur Conf on Precis Agric, 8-10 September, Warwick Univ, UK, BIOS Sci Publ Ltd. pp: 421-428.
Tisseyre B, Ojeda H, Carillo N, Deis L, Heywang M, 2005. Precision viticulture and water status: mapping the predawn water potential to define within vineyard zones. Proc Fruits and Nuts and Vegetable Production Engineering TIC (Frutic05) Conf, Montpellier, p: 719-736. Available in http://cemadoc.cemagref.fr/exl-doc/colloque/ART-00001663.pdf. [23 June 2008].
Tisseyre B, McBratney AB, 2008. A technical opportunity index based on mathematical morphology for site-specific management using yield monitor data: application to viticulture. Precis Agric 9(1-2): 101-113.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11119-008-9053-5
Vilar Hernndez J, Moya Vilar M, Espnola Lozano F, 2005. Orgenes, evolucin y actual tendencia del sector olecola olivarero. I Congreso de la Cultura del Olivo. Jan, Espaa, pp: 441-456.
Whitney JD, Wheaton TA, Miller WM, Salyani M, Schueller JK, 1998. Precision agriculture, applications in Florida citrus. Proc I Int Conf of Geospatial Information in Agriculture and Forestry (II, 595-603).
Zaman QU, Schumann AW, 2005. Performance of ultrasonic tree size measurement system in different commercial citrus groves. Precis Agric 6(5): 467-480.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11119-005-4243-x
Zhang N, Wang M, Wang N, 2002. Precision agriculture-A worldwide overview. Comput Electron Agr 36: 113-132.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1699(02)00096-0
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.
