Comparative tree growth, phenology and fruit yield of several Japanese plum cultivars in two newly established orchards, organic and conventionally managed
Abstract
The growth, phenology and fruit yield of 14 Japanese plum cultivars (Prunus salicina Lindl) were studied in two newly established experimental orchards under organic and conventional management. The experiment was conducted during 2005-2011 in the province of Seville (SW Spain), an important region of Japanese plum culture. Trunk cross-section areas (TCSA), flowering, yield and tree defoliation before winter dormancy were analysed over several years. After one year, TCSA were larger in the organically managed orchard (OMO) for most of the cultivars, in the next two years they were equal, and from the fourth year, several cultivars showed significantly larger TCSA in the conventionally managed orchard (CMO). Flowering in the conventional orchard started from 2 to 6 days before and lasted for 3 to 5 days more than in the OMO. Several cultivars produced significantly more fruit in the CMO, being the average fruit yield in the organic orchard about 72% of the conventionally managed orchard. Autumn defoliation was significantly advanced in the organic orchard, especially in cultivars highly susceptible to rust (Tranzschelia pruni spinosae), a disease not adequately controlled in the organic orchard.Downloads
References
Alburquerque N, Carrillo A, García-Montiel F, 2007. Estimación de las necesidades de frío para florecer en variedades de cerezo. Frut Prof 164: 5–12.
BOE, 2002. Real Decreto 1201/2002 of November 20. Boletín Oficial del Estado 287, 30/11/2002.
BOJA, 2003. Decreto 245/2003 of Junta de Andalucía, September 2. Boletín Oficial de la Junta de Andalucía 174, 10/09/2003.
Browning G, Miller JM, 1992. The association of year-to year variation in average yield of pear cv. Conference in England with weather variables. J Hort Sci 67: 593-599.
Daza A, Camacho M, Galindo I, Arroyo FT, Casanova L, Santamaría C, 2012. Comparative fruit quality parameters of several Japanese plum varieties in two newly established orchards, organic and conventionally managed. Int J Food Sci Technol 47: 341-349.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02844.x
de Ponti T, Rijk B, van Ittersum MK, 2012. The crop yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture. Agric Syst 108: 1-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2011.12.004
Dennis FG, 1979. Factors affecting yield in apple with emphasis on "Delicious". Hort Rev 1: 395–422.
Gabriel D, Tscharntke T, 2007. Insect pollinated plants benefit from organic agriculture. Agric Ecosyst Environ 118: 43–48.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.04.005
García-Galavís PA, Santamaría C, Jiménez-Bocanegra JA, Casanova L, Daza A, 2009. Susceptibility of several Japanese plum varieties to pests and diseases in a newly established organic orchard. Sci Hort 123: 210-216.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2009.08.017
Gradziel TM, Weinbaum SA, 1999. High relative humidity reduces anther dehiscence in apricot, peach and almond. Hortscience 34: 322–325.
Hack H, Bleiholder H, Buhr L, Meier U, Schnock-Fricke U, Weber E, Witzenberger A, 1992. Einheitliche Codierung der phänologischen Entwicklungsstadien mono-und dikotyler Pflanzen-Erweiterte BBCH-Skala, Allgemein. Nachrichtenbl Deut Pflanzenschutz 44: 265–270.
Herencia JF, Ruiz-Porras JC, Melero S, García-Galavís PA, Morillo E, Maqueda C, 2007. Comparison between organic and mineral fertilization for soil fertility levels, crop macronutrient concentrations, and yield. Agron J 99: 973–983.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2006.0168
Hester SM, Cacho O, 2003. Modelling apple orchard systems. Agric Syst 77: 137-154.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-521X(02)00106-3
Hole DG, Perkins AJ, Wilson JD, Alexander IH, Gice PV, Evans AD, 2005. Does organic farming benefit biodiversity? Biol Conserv 122: 113–130.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2004.07.018
Kükükyumuk C, Kaçal E, Ertek A, Óztürk G, Kukul Kurttaş YS, 2012. Pomological and vegetative changes during transition from flood irrigation to drip irrigation: Starkrimson Delicious apple variety. Sci Hort 136: 17-23.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.12.012
Layne REC, 1994. Prunus rootstocks affect long-term orchard performance of 'Redhaven' peach on Brookston clay loam. HortScience 29: 167–171.
Leake AR, 1999. A report of the results of CWS agriculture's organic farming experiments. J R Agric Soc Engl 160: 73–81.
Legave JM, Segura V, Fournier D, Costes E, 2006. The effect of genotype, location, and their interaction on early growth in apricot trees. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 81: 189-198.
Lepsis J, Blanke MM, 2006. The trunk cross-section area as a basis for fruit yield modelling in intensive apple orchards. Acta Hort (ISHS) 707: 231-235.
Melgarejo P, 1996. El frío invernal, factor limitante para el cultivo frutal. Modelos y métodos para determinar la acumulación de frío y de calor en frutales. Ed. A. Madrid Vicente, Madrid. 166 pp.
Montagnon JM, 2007. Las ciruelas japonesas. Elección de las variedades polinizadoras. Frut Prof 164: 25–32.
OJ, 2007. Directive 834/2007/EC of the Council of June 28. Official Journal of the European Union L 189 20/07/2007.
OJ, 2008. Directive 889/2008/EC of the Council of September 5. Official Journal of the European Union L 250 18/09/2008.
Pfiffner L, Niggli U, 1996. Effects of biodynamic, organic and conventional production systems on ground beetles (Col. Carabidae) and other epigaeic arthropods in winter weat. Biol Agric Hort 12: 353–364.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01448765.1996.9754758
Robbie F A, Atkison CJ, 1994. Wood and tree age as factors influencing the ability of apple flowers to set fruit. J Hort Sci 69: 609–623.
Robbie FA, Atkison CJ, Knight JN, Moore KG, 1993. Branch orientation as a factor determining fruit set in apple trees. J Hort Sci 68: 317–335.
Rodrigo J, 2000. Review: spring frost in deciduous fruit trees-morphological damage and flower hardiness. Sci Hort 83: 155–173.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(99)00150-8
Rodrigo J, Herrero M, 2002. Effects of pre-blossom temperatures on flower development and fruit set in apricot. Sci Hort 31: 125–135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(01)00289-8
Rufat J, Domingo X, Arbones A, Pascual M, Villar JM, 2011. Interaction between water and nitrogen management in peaches for processing. Irrig Sci 29: 321-329.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-010-0234-4
Sanz M, Heras L, Montañes L, 1991. Foliar diagnosis in peach tree: reference nutrient contents throughout the season. An Est Exp Aula Dei 20: 67–73.
Soil Survey Staff, 1999. Soil taxonomy, 2nd ed., USDA Ag. HBK. 437, Washington, USA.
Webster AD, 1995. Rootstock and interstock effects on deciduous fruit tree vigour, precocity and yield productivity. New Zeal J Crop Hort Sci 23: 373–382.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01140671.1995.9513913
Weibel FP, Tamm L, Wyss E, Daniel C, Häseli A, Suter F, 2007. Organic fruit production in Europe: successes in production and marketing in the last decade, perspectives and challenges for the future development. Acta Hort 737: 163–172.
Weinberger JH, 1956. Prolonged dormancy trouble in peaches in the southeast in relation to winter temperatures. Proc Am Soc Hort Sci 67: 107–112.
Williams RR, 1965. The effect of summer nitrogen applications on the quality of apple blossom. J Hort Sci 40: 31–41.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.
