From the juvenile to the adult vegetative phase in olive seedlings: the transition along the stem axis

  • Laura Casanova Universidad de Sevilla, ETSIA, Dept. Ciencias Agroforestales. Ctra. Utrera km 1. 41013 Sevilla
  • M. Paz Suárez Universidad de Sevilla, ETSIA, Dept. Ciencias Agroforestales. Ctra. Utrera km 1. 41013 Sevilla
  • Victor M. Fernández-Cabanás Universidad de Sevilla, ETSIA, Dept. Ciencias Agroforestales. Ctra. Utrera km 1. 41013 Sevilla
  • Ana M. Morales-Sillero Universidad de Sevilla, ETSIA, Dept. Ciencias Agroforestales. Ctra. Utrera km 1. 41013 Sevilla
  • M. Rocío Jiménez Universidad de Sevilla, ETSIA, Dept. Ciencias Agroforestales. Ctra. Utrera km 1. 41013 Sevilla
  • Pilar Rallo Universidad de Sevilla, ETSIA, Dept. Ciencias Agroforestales. Ctra. Utrera km 1. 41013 Sevilla
Keywords: Olea europaea L., olive breeding, leaf morphology, rooting ability, NIRS

Abstract

Sexual reproduction in olive is carried out for purposes such as breeding. The seedlings evolve from the juvenile to the adult stage, and until now, only the discrete developmental phases have been investigated in detail. However, the transition process has been poorly studied in fruit trees, especially in olive. In this paper, juvenile to adult transition has been explored in 30 olive seedlings coming from the Table Olive Breeding Program of the University of Sevilla, Spain. Despite of the great variability found in the olive leaf morphological parameters, mean values increased linearly from the bottom (juvenile) to the top (adult tissue) of the seedling. An upward lineal decrease in the rooting ability was also observed for the set of seedlings evaluated. No significant differences were found for the maximum net photosynthesis (PNmax) or maximum stomatal conductance (gsmax), although the lowest values were measured at <0.5 m. For all of the analysed parameters, the transitional tissue showed intermediate values. These results show for the first time in olive that the transition along the seedling stem axis follows a clear lineal tendency with a stepwise loss of juvenile characters being the shift from juvenile to adult phase in olive not an abrupt change but a gradual process. The usefulness of a fibre optic probe with a reduced sampling surface coupled to near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was evaluated. NIR analysis has been confirmed to be a useful tool to discriminate the juvenile and adult leaves, but not the transition ones.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

References

Armenta S, Moros J, Garrigues S, De La Guardia M, 2010. The use of near-infrared spectroscopy in the olive oil industry. Crit Rev Food Sci 50: 567-582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408390802606790

Barnes RJ, Dhanoa MS, Lister SJ, 1989. Standard normal variate transformation and de-trending of near infrared diffuse reflectance spectra. Appl Spectrosc 43: 772-777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894202201

Bhusal RC, Mizutani F, Rutto KL, 2003. Effects of juvenility on the rooting of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliate [L.] Raf.) stem cuttings. J Japan Soc Hort Sci 72(1): 43-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.72.43

Bongi G, Palliotti A, 1994. Olive. In: Handbook of environmental physiology of fruit crops. Vol. I Temperature crops (Schaffe B, Andersen PC, eds). CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, FL (USA), pp: 165-187.

Box GEP, Cox DR, 1964. An analysis of transformations. J Roy Stat Soc B Met 26(2): 211-252.

Brunner AM, Nilsson O, 2004. Revisiting tree maturation and floral initiation in the poplar functional genomics era. New Phytol 164: 43-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01165.x

Caballero JM, Del Río C, 2008. Métodos de multiplicación. In: El cultivo del olivo (Barranco D, Fernández-Escobar R, Rallo L, eds.). Junta de Andalucía-Mundi-Prensa, Madrid (Spain), pp: 93-125.

De La Rosa R, Kiran AI, Barranco D, León L, 2006. Seedling vigour as a preselection criterion for short juvenile period in olive breeding. Aust J Agr Res 57: 477-481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AR05219

Dolcet-Sanjuan R, Claveria E, Gruselle R, Meier-Dinkel A, Jay-Allemand C, Gaspar T, 2004. Practical factors controlling in vitro adventitious root formation from walnut shoot microcuttings. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 192(2): 198-203.

Fernández-Cabanás VM, Garrido-Varo A, Delgado-Pertinez M, Gómez-Cabrera A, 2008. Nutritive evaluation of olive tree leaves by near-infrared spectroscopy: Effect of soil contamination and correction with spectral pretreatments. Appl Spectrosc 62(1): 51-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370208783412663

Fernández-Lorenzo JL, Rigueiro A, Ballester A, 1999. Polyphenols as potential markers to differentiate juvenile and mature chestnut shoot cultures. Tree Physiol 19: 461-466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/19.7.461

Fontanazza G, Baldoni L, 1990. Proposed programme for the genetic improvement of the olive. Olivae 34: 32-40.

Grammatikopoulos G, Karabourniotis G, Kyparissia A, Petropoulou Y, Manetas Y, 1994. Leaf hairs of olive (Olea europaea L.) prevent stomatal closure by ultraviolet-B radiation. Aust J Plant Physiol 21: 293-301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/PP9940293

Hammami SBM, León L, Rapoport HF, De La Rosa R, 2011. Early growth habit and vigour parameters in olive seedlings. Sci Hortic 129(4): 761-768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.05.038

Hartmann HT, Kester DE, Davies Jr FT, Geneve RL, 2002. Plant propagation principles and practices, 7th ed. Prentice Hall, NJ, USA. 880 pp.

ISI, 2000. The complete software solution using a single screen for routine analysis, robust calibrations, and networking. Manual. Foss NIRSystems/Tecator. Infrasoft Int, LLC. Sylver Spring, MD, USA. 239 pp.

James SA, Bell DT, 2000. Leaf orientation, light interception and stomatal conductance of Eucalyptus globulus ssp. Globulus leaves. Tree Physiol 20: 815-823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/20.12.815

Jaya E, Kubien DS, Jameson PE, 2010. Vegetative phase change and photosynthesis in Eucalyptus occidentalis: architectural simplification prolongs juvenile traits. Tree Physiol 30: 393-403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpp128

Jones CS, 1999. An essay on juvenility, phase change, and heteroblasty in seed plants. Int J Plant Sci 160(6): 105-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/314215

Kibbler H, Johnston ME, Williams RR, 2004. Adventitious root formation in cuttings of Backhousia citriodora F. Muell. 1. Plant genotype, juvenility and characteristics of cuttings. Sci Hortic 102: 133-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2003.12.012

Kubien DS, Jaya E, Clemens J, 2007. Differences in the structure and gas-exchange physiology of juvenile and adult leaves of Metrosideros excelsa. Int J Plant Sci 168: 563-570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/513485

León L, Garrido-Varo A, Downey G, 2004. Parent and harvest effects on near-infrarred spectroscopy analysis of olive (Olea europaea L.) fruit traits. J Agr Food Chem 52: 4957-4962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0496853

León L, Downey G, 2006. Preliminary studies by visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of juvenile and adult olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves. J Sci Food Agric 86: 999-1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2448

Meilan R, 1997. Floral induction in woody angiosperms. New Forests 14: 179-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006560603966

Moral J, Díez CM, León L, De La Rosa R, Santos-Antunes F, Barranco D, Rallo L, 2013. Female genitor effect on the juvenile period of olive seedlings. Sci Hortic 156: 99-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2013.03.025

Morales-Sillero A, Fernández-Cabanás VM, Casanova L, Jiménez R, Suárez MP, Rallo P, 2011. Feasability of NIR spectroscopy for non-destructive characterization of table olive traits. J Food Eng 107(1): 99-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.05.039

Moreno-Alías I, León L, De La Rosa R, Rapoport HF, 2009. Morphological and anatomical evaluation of adult and juvenile leaves of olive plants. Trees 23: 181-187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-008-0266-z

Moreno-Alías I, Rapoport HF, León L, De La Rosa R, 2010. Olive seedling first-flowering position and management. Sci Hortic 124: 74-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2009.12.018

Moriana A, Villalobos FJ, Fereres E, 2002. Stomatal and photosynthetic responses of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves to water deficits. Plant Cell Environ 25: 395-405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00822.x

Naes T, Isaksson T, Fearn T, Davies A, 2002. A user-friendly guide to multivariate calibration and classification. NIR Publications, Chichester, UK. 344 pp.

Poethig RS, 1990. Phase change and the regulation of shoot morphogenesis in plants. Science 250: 923-930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.250.4983.923

Poethig S, 2002. Genetic regulation of vegetative phase change in plants. Dev Biol 247(2): 521.

Poethig RS, 2003. Phase change and the regulation of developmental timing in plants. Science 301: 334-336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1085328

Poethig RS, 2010. The past, present, and future of vegetative phase change. Plant Physiol 154: 541-544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.161620

Proietti P, Palliotti A, 1997. Contribution of the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of olive leaves to photosynthesis. Photosynthetica 33(1): 63-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022175221813

Proietti P, Famiani F, Tombesi A, 1999. Gas exchange in olive fruit. Photosynthetica 36(3): 423-432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007028220042

Rallo P, Jiménez R, Ordovás J, Suárez MP, 2008. Possible early selection of short juvenile period olive plants based on seedling traits. Aust J Agr Res 59(10): 933-940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AR08013

Rapoport HF, 2008. Botánica y morfología. In: El cultivo del olivo (Barranco D, Fernández-Escobar R, Rallo L, eds.). Junta de Andalucía-Mundi-Prensa, Madrid (Spain), pp: 37-62.

Santos-Antunes F, León L, De La Rosa R, Alvarado J, Mohedo A, Trujillo I, Rallo L, 2005. The length of the juvenile period in olive as influenced by vigor of the seedling and the precocity of the parents. HortScience 40(5): 1213-1215.

Shenk JS, Westerhaus MO, Abrams SM, 1989. Protocol for NIR calibrations: Monitoring analysis results and recalibration. In: II Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS): Analysis of Forage Quality. Agriculture Handbook, vol. 643 (Martens GC, Shenk JS, Barton FE, eds.). USDA-ARS, Washington DC (USA), pp: 104-110.

Sismilich M, Henriod RE, Jameson PE, Clemens J, 2003. Changes in carbon isotope composition during vegetative phase change in a woody perennial plant. Plant Growth Regul 39: 33-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021863500628

Suárez MP, López-Rivares EP, Cantero ML, Ordovás J, 1990. Clonal selection of 'Manzanilla de Sevilla'. Acta Hort 286: 117-120.

Suárez MP, Casanova L, Jiménez R, Morales-Sillero AM, Ordovás J, Rallo P, 2011. Variability of first flower to ground distance in olive seedlings and its relationship with the length of the juvenile period and the parent genotype. Sci Hort 129(4): 747-751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.05.033

Tao R, Ito J, Sugiura A, 1994. Comparison of growth and rooting characteristics of micropropagated adult plants and juvenile seedlings of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.). J Jpn Soc Hortic Sci 63(3): 537-541. http://dx.doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.63.537

Published
2014-11-05
How to Cite
Casanova, L., Suárez, M. P., Fernández-Cabanás, V. M., Morales-Sillero, A. M., Jiménez, M. R., & Rallo, P. (2014). From the juvenile to the adult vegetative phase in olive seedlings: the transition along the stem axis. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(4), 1149-1157. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2014124-6363
Section
Plant physiology