Alleviation of heat-stress-related physiological perturbations in growing rabbits using natural antioxidants
Abstract
The current study was performed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), betaine (BET), lemongrass essential oil (LGEO), gallic acid (GA), vitamin C (VC) and vitamin E (VE) on different body temperature traits and stress hormone and glucose levels in heat-stressed growing rabbits. Rabbits were fed diets with no supplementation (control group) or supplemented with 15 g of EVOO, 400 mg of LGEO, 500 mg of GA, 1000 mg of BET, 500 mg of VC, or 200 mg of VE per kg of diet. All tested feed additives, especially EVOO, had a lowering effect on various rabbit temperature traits. Both triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine/thyroxine (T4) were increased (p<0.05) by the addition of BET, VC, EVOO, and VE. With the exception of the VC group, all dietary groups showed no significant changes in the insulin level compared to the control group level. In contrast, the cortisol and glucose levels were diminished (p<0.05) in all treated groups compared to the control levels. The results suggested that all tested supplementations had positive ameliorating effects on growing rabbits under a severe heat load in terms of lowered body temperatures and a favourable stress hormone balance, with the most favourable results found in the EVOO, VC, and BET supplementation groups.
Downloads
References
Adamsons K, 1959. Breathing and the thermal environment in young rabbits. J Physiol 149 (1): 144-153. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1959.sp006331
Al-Sagheer AA, Daader AH, Gabr HA, Abd El-Moniem EA, 2017. Palliative effects of extra virgin olive oil, gallic acid, and lemongrass oil dietary supplementation on growth performance, digestibility, carcass traits, and antioxidant status of heat-stressed growing New Zealand White rabbits. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24: 6807-6818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8396-8
Al-Sagheer AA, Mahmoud HK, Reda FM, Mahgoub SA, Ayyat MS, 2018. Supplementation of diets for Oreochromis niloticus with essential oil extracts from lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) and effects on growth, intestinal microbiota, antioxidant and immune activities. Aquacult Nutr 24: 1006-1014. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12637
Arafa Mervat M, Azoz A, Meshreky Samia Z, 2012. Interaction between supplemental vitamin E and endogenous antioxidant enzymes of different rabbit genetic resources: 1-effect on performance during summer season. Proc 10th World Rabbit Congress, pp: 563-567.
Ayyat MS, Al-Sagheer AA, Abd El-Latif KM, Khalil BA, 2018. Organic selenium, probiotics, and prebiotics effects on growth, blood biochemistry, and carcass traits of growing rabbits during summer and winter seasons. Biol Trace Elem Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1293-2
Borges SA, Da Silva AF, Maiorka A, 2007. Acid-base balance in broilers. World Poult Sci J 63: 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933907001286
Brecchia G, Zerani M, Bonano A, Boiti C, 2010. Metabolic adaptations in neonatal mother-deprived rabbits. World Rabbit Sci 18: 229-236. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2010.780
Cano-Europa BVV, Margarita FC, Rocio OB, 2012. The relationship between thyroid states, oxidative stress and cellular damage. In: Oxidative stress and diseases; Lushchak V (ed.), pp: 413-436. InTech, Croatia. https://doi.org/10.5772/35082
Cicerale S, Lucas L, Keast R, 2012. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phenolic activities in extra virgin olive oil. Curr Opin Biotechnol 23: 129-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.006
Costantini D, Marasco V, Møller AP, 2011. A meta-analysis of glucocorticoids as modulators of oxidative stress in vertebrates. J Comp Physiol B 181: 447-456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-011-0566-2
Dangi SS, Dangi SK, Chouhan V, Verma M, Kumar P, Singh G, Sarkar M, 2016. Modulatory effect of betaine on expression dynamics of HSPs during heat stress acclimation in goat (Capra hircus). Gene 575: 543-550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.031
De Blas C, Mateos GG, 2010. Feed formulation. In: Nutrition of the rabbit - 2nd edition; De Blas C, Wiseman J (eds.), pp: 222-232. CAB Int, UK.
DiGiacomo K, Simpson S, Leury B, Dunshea F, 2012. Dietary betaine improves physiological responses in sheep under chronic heat load in a dose dependent manner. J Anim Sci 90: 269.
Ducray HAG, Globa L, Pustovyy O, Reeves S, Robinson L, Vodyanoy V, Sorokulova I, 2016. Mitigation of heat stress-related complications by a yeast fermentate product. J Therm Biol 60: 26-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.06.002
Fayez I, Marai M, Nasr A, El-Masry K, 1994. Heat stress and its amelioration with nutritional, buffering, hormonal and physical techniques for New Zealand White rabbits maintained under hot summer conditions of Egypt. Cahiers Opt Med (CIHEAM) 8: 475-487.
Gad A, 1996. Effect of drinking saline water on productive performance of rabbits. Unpublished thesis, M. Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Guenther E, 1972. The production of essential oils: methods of distillation, effleurage, maceration, and extraction with volatile solvents. In: The essential oils. History-origin in plants. Production analysis. Guenther E (ed), pp 85-188. Krieger Publ. Co, Malabar FL.
Guimarães LGdL, Cardoso MdG, Sousa PEd, Andrade Jd, Vieira SS, 2011. Antioxidant and fungitoxic activities of the lemongrass essential oil and citral. Rev Cienc Agron 42: 464-472.
Gurnani N, Gupta M, Mehta D, Mehta BK, 2016. Chemical composition, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from red chilli seeds (Capsicum frutescens L.). Journal of Taibah University for Science 10: 462-470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2015.06.011
Habeeb A, Aboul-Naga A, Yousef H, 1993. Influence of exposure to high temperature on daily gain, feed efficiency and blood components of growing male Californian rabbits. Egypt J Rabbit Sci 3: 73-80.
Habeeb A, El-Maghawry A, Marai I, Gad A, 1998. Physiological thermoregulation mechanism in rabbits drinking saline water under hot summer conditions. Pro V Int Conf on Indigenous versus Acclimatized Rabbits, El-Arish, North Sinai (Egypt), pp:. 443-456.
Hassan FA, Mahrose KM, Basyony MM, 2016. Effects of grape seed extract as a natural antioxidant on growth performance, carcass characteristics and antioxidant status of rabbits during heat stress. Arch Anim Nutr 70: 141-154. https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2016.1139609
Hsu FL, Yang LM, Chang SF, Wang LH, Hsu CY, Liu PC, Lin SJ, 2007. Biotransformation of gallic acid by Beauveria sulfurescens ATCC 7159. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 74: 659-666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0692-z
Huang QC, Xu ZR, Han XY, Li WF, 2007. Effect of betaine on growth hormone pulsatile secretion and serum metabolites in finishing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 91: 85-90. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2006.00644.x
Jena K, Kar PK, Kausar Z, Babu CS, 2013. Effects of temperature on modulation of oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in testes of tropical tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta. J Therm Biol 38: 199-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2013.02.008
Jo C, Jeong IY, Lee NY, Kim KS, Byun MW, 2006. Synthesis of a novel compound from gallic acid and linoleic acid and its biological functions. Food Sci Biotechnol 15: 317-320.
Kowalska D, 2011. New Zealand White rabbit – Breeding problems. Przegląd Hodowlany 3: 26-27 [in Polish].
Kumar PP, Kumaravel S, Lalitha C, 2010. Screening of antioxidant activity, total phenolics and GC-MS study of Vitex negundo. Afr J Biochem Res 4: 191-195.
Kutlu HR, Forbes JM, 1993. Changes in growth and blood parameters in heat-stressed broiler chicks in response to dietary ascorbic acid. Livestock Prod Sci 36: 335–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(93)90050-R
Leung F, Taylor J, Iderstine A, 1984. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulates body weight gain and increases thyroid hormones and growth hormone in plasma of cockerels. Endocrinology 115: 736-740. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-115-2-736
Lever M, Sizeland PC, Frampton CM, Chambers ST, 2004. Short and long-term variation of plasma glycine betaine concentrations in humans. Clin Biochem 37: 184-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2003.11.004
LPHSI, 1990. Livestock and poultry heat stress indices. Agriculture Engineering Guide. Clemson University, Clemson SC, USA.
Malee B, Petchply D, Chyratch S, Sawangwong C, 2000. Local Herb. Herb Research Institute, Department of Medical Science, Bangkok. Lemon grass oil 1.
Marai I, Ayyat M, Gabr H, Abd El-Monem U, 1999. Growth performance, some blood metabolites and carcass traits of New Zealand White broiler male rabbits as affected by heat stress and its alleviation, under Egyptian conditions. Cahiers Opt Med 41: 35-42.
Marai I, Habeeb A, Gad A, 2002. Rabbits' productive, reproductive and physiological performance traits as affected by heat stress: A review. Livest Prod Sci 78: 71-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00091-X
Marai IFM, Haeeb AAM, Gad AE, 2007. Biological functions in young pregnant rabbit does as affected by heat stress and lighting regime under subtropical conditions of Egypt. Trop Subtrop Agroecosyst 7: 165-176.
Marai IF, Habeeb A, Gad AE, 2008. Performance of New Zealand White and Californian male weaned rabbits in the subtropical environment of Egypt. Anim Sci J 79: 472-480. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-0929.2008.00552.x
Messadek J, 2012. Modulation of nitric oxide synthases by betaines. Google Patents.
Monau TR, Vargas VE, Zhang L, Myers DA, Ducsay CA, 2010. Nitric oxide inhibits ACTH-induced cortisol production in near-term, long-term hypoxic ovine fetal adrenocortical cells. Reprod Sci 17: 955-962. https://doi.org/10.1177/1933719110376092
Nhu-Trang TT, Casabianca H, Grenier-Loustalot MF, 2006. Authenticity control of essential oils containing citronellal and citral by chiral and stable-isotope gas-chromatographic analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 386: 2141-2152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0842-2
Omidi A, Kheirie M, Sarir H, 2015. Impact of vitamin C on concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid hormones in lambs under short-term acute heat stress. Vet Sci Dev 5 (2). https://doi.org/10.4081/vsd.2015.5965
Paolisso GI, D'Amore AN, Balbi VI, Volpe CL, Galzerano DO, Giugliano D, Sgambato S, Varricchio MI, D'Onofrio FE, 1994. Plasma vitamin C affects glucose homeostasis in healthy subjects and in non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 266: 261-268. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1994.266.2.E261
Priscilla DH, Prince PSM, 2009. Cardioprotective effect of gallic acid on cardiac troponin-T, cardiac marker enzymes, lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants in experimentally induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats. Chem Biol Interact 179: 118-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2008.12.012
Rashidi AA, Gofrani lvari Y, Khatibjoo A, Vakili R, 2010. Effects of dietary fat, vitamin E and zinc on immune response and blood parameters of broiler reared under heat stress. Res J Poult Sci 3: 32-38.
Qota E, Hassan R, Ali M, Attia Y, 2008. Effect of dietary ascorbic acid and betaine on recovery from heat stress adverse effects in slow-growing chicks in the subtropics. Egypt J Anim Prod 45: 467 483.
Sahin K, Kucuk O, 2003. Heat stress and dietary vitamin supplementation of poultry diets. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews. Series B, Livestock Feeds and Feeding, pp: 41-50.
Sahin K, Kucuk O, Sahin N, Sari M, 2002. Effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on lipid peroxidation status, serum hormone, metabolite, and mineral concentrations of Japanese quails reared under heat stress (34º C). Int J Vitam Nutr Res 72: 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.72.2.91
Sarıca S, Aydın H, Ciftci G, 2017. Effects of dietary supplementation of some antioxidants on liver antioxidant status and plasma biochemistry parameters of heat-stressed quail. Turk J Agric-Food Sci Technol 5: 773-779.
Seo CS, Jeong SJ, Yoo SR, Lee NR, Shin HK, 2016. Quantitative analysis and In vitro anti-inflammatory effects of gallic acid, ellagic acid, and quercetin from radix sanguisorbae. Pharmacogn Mag 12: 104. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.177908
Shah S, Iqbal M, Karam J, Salifu M, McFarlane SI, 2007. Oxidative stress, glucose metabolism, and the prevention of type 2 diabetes: pathophysiological insights. Antioxid Redox Signal 9: 911-929. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2007.1629
Tawfeek SS, Hassanin K, Youssef IMI, 2014. The effect of dietary supplementation of some antioxidants on performance, oxidative stress, and blood parameters in broilers under natural summer conditions. J World Poult Res 4: 10-19.
Trinder P, 1969. Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor. Ann Clin Biochem 6: 24-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/000456326900600108
Yassein S, 2010. Hot climate effects and their amelioration on some productive and reproductive traits in rabbit does. World Rabbit Sci 16: 173-181. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2008.626
Zulkifli I, Mysahra S, Jin L, 2004. Dietary supplementation of betaine (Betafin®) and response to high temperature stress in male broiler chickens. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 17: 244-249. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2004.244
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.
