Dead wood characteristics influencing macrofungi species abundance and diversity in Caspian natural beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests
Abstract
Aim of study: This study aimed to examine the dead wood inhabiting macrofungi communities occurring on dead beech and hornbeam trees in Caspian forests.
Area of study: The Kheiroud forest in the north of Iran.
Material and Methods: Data from 205 sampling dead tree were analyzed by means of Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to test the effects of decay stage, DBH, Length or Height on macrofungi diversity. Additionally, tree species, dead wood size, log position, decay stage were used as predictor factors for the number of sporocarps species (NSS) as a fungal species richness and diversity in each dead log using analysis of variance
Main results: The number of sporocarps species (NSS) varied in different dead wood size and decay classes. The different stages of decay and the different size classes of dead wood had significantly different species richness of macrofungi. Deadwood in the high-decayed stages contained the highest diversity of fungi. Most of fungi identified on both logs and snags belonged to Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes. The highest value for richness and evenness indices calculated in large diameter dead wood in decay class III. The results indicated the size and decay class of dead wood describe the greatest variance of the model that means the highest number of sporocarps species inhabited on the large dead wood in advanced stage of decaying.
Research highlights: Macrofungi diversity varied significantly across pieces of dead wood with downed logs, larger pieces, and wood in later stages of decay having the highest macrofungi diversity.
Keywords: Caspian forest; coarse woody debris; down woody debris; Iran.
Downloads
References
References
Abrego N, Salcedo I, 2013. Variety of woody debris as the factor influencing wood-inhabiting fungal richness and assemblages: Is it a question of quantity or quality? Forest Ecol Manag 291: 377–385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.025
Afyon A, Konuk M, Yağiz D, Helfer S, 2005. A study of wood decaying macrofungi of the western Black Sea Region, Turkey. Mycotaxon 93: 319-322.
Albrecht L, 1990. Grundlagen, Ziele und Methodik der Waldökologischen Forschung in Naturwaldreservaten. Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, Müchen, Germany.
Alli H, Işiloğlu M, Solak MH, 2007. Macrofungi of Aydin Province, Turkey. Mycotaxon 99: 163-165.
Bahram M, Asef MR, Zarre SH, Abbasi M, Reidl S, 2006. Addition to the knowledge of Amanita (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) from Iran. Rostaniha 7(2): 107-119.
Berglund H, Edman M, Ericson L, 2005. Temporal variation of wood-fungi diversity in boreal old-growth forests: Implications for monitoring. Ecol Appl 15(3): 970-982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/04-0628
Boddy L, 2001. Fungal community ecology and wood decomposition processes in angiosperms: from standing tree to complete decay of coarse woody debris. Ecol Bull 49: 43-56.
Christensen M, Hahn K, Mountford EP, Ódor P, Standovár T, Rozenbergar D, Diaci J, Wijdeven S, Meyer P, Winter S, Vrska T, 2005. Dead wood in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest reserves. Forest Ecol Manag 210(1-2): 267-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.02.032
Crawley MJ, 1993. GLIM for Ecologist. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.
Fallahyan F, 1973. L'etude de quelques champignons toxiques et comestible d'Azerbayjan-Iran. Tehran University Press 5: 93-94.
Gharizadeh KH, Sheykholeslami A, Khodaparast SA, 2007. A study of the identification of wood inhabiting hyphomycetes in Chalus vicinity (Iran). Rostaniha 8(1): 30-32.
Ghobad-Nejhad M, Hallenberg M, Kotiranta H, 2008. Additions to the corticioids of the Caucasus from NW Iran. Mycotaxon 105: 269-293.
Ghobad-Nejhad M, Hallenberg N, Parmasto E, Kotiranta H, 2009. A first annotated checklist of corticioid and polypore basidiomycetes of the Caucasus region. Mycologia Balcanica 6: 123-168.
Hallenberg N, 1977. Wood-fungi: (Corticiaceae, Coniophoraceae, Lachnocladiaceae, Thelephoraceae) in N Iran. Iranian J Plant Pathol 14: 38-87.
Hallenberg N, 1981. Synopsis of wood-inhabiting Aphyllophorales (Basidiomycetes) and Heterobasidiomycetes from N. Iran. Mycotaxon 12(2): 473-502.
Harmon ME, Franklin JF, Swanson FJ, Sollins P, Gregory SV, Lattin JD, Anderson NH, S.P. Cline NG, Aumen JR, Sedell GW, Lienkaemper K, Cromack Cummins KW, 1986. Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems. Adv Ecol Res 154: 133-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2504(08)60121-x
Harmon ME, Sexton J, 1996. Guidelines for measurements of woody detritus in forest ecosystems. US LTER Publication 20.
Heilmann-Clausen J, Christensen M, 2004. Does size matter? On the importance of various dead wood fractions for fungal diversity in Danish beech forests. Forest Ecol Manag 201(1): 105-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.010
Huntington TG, Ryan DF, 1990. Whole-tree harvesting effects on soil nitrogen and carbon. Forest Ecol Manag 31(4): 193-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(90)90067-L
Jenkins MA, Webster CR, Parker GR, Spetich MA, 2004. Coarse woody debris in managed Central Hardwood Forests of Indiana, USA. For Sci 50(6): 781-792.
Juutilainen K, Halme P, Kotiranta H, Monkkonen M, 2011. Size matters in studies of dead wood and wood-inhabiting fungi. Fungal Ecology 4:342–349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2011.05.004
Krebs JC, 1999. Ecological methodology, Harper and Row, New York, p. 432.
Küffer N, Senn-Irlet B, 2005. Influence of forest management on the species richness and composition of wood-inhabiting basidiomycetes in Swiss forests. Biodivers Conserv 14: 2419–2435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-0151-z
Kruys N, Jonsson BG, 1999. Fine woody debris is important for species richness on logs in managed boreal spruce forests of northern Sweden. Can J Forest Res 29(8): 1295-1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-106
Le Goc MJ, 1914. Further observations on Hirneola auricula-judae Berk. ("Jew's Ear"). New Phytol 13(4): 122-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1914.tb05745.x
Lindblad I, 1998. Wood-inhabiting fungi on fallen logs of Norway spruce: relations to forest management and substrate quality. Nord J Bot 18(2): 243-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1998.tb01877.x
Margalef R, 1958. Temporal succession and spatial heterogeneity in phytoplankton. In: Perspectives in Marine biology, Buzzati-Traverso (ed.), Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley, pp. 323-347.
Marvie-Mohadjer MR, 1976. Some qualitative characteristics of Iranian beech forests. Iranian J Nat Resour 34: 77-96.
Marvie-Mohadjer MR, 2001. Suitable method of silviculture in north forests of Iran. Pp. 214-218 in Nation Seminar of Mangement and Sustainable Development of North Forests. Forest and Range Organization Publishers, Ramsar, Iran.
McAlister S, 1995. Species interactions and substrate specificity among log-inhabiting bryophyte species. Ecology 76(7): 2184-2195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1941692
Niemala T, Uotila P, 1977. Lignicolous macrofungi from Turkey and Iran. Karstenia 17: 33-39.
Nordén B, Ryberg M, Götmark F, Olausson B, 2004. Relative importance of coarse and fine woody debris for the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi in temperate broadleaf forests. Biol Conserv 117(1): 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00235-0
Ódor P, Standovár T, 2001. Richness of bryophyte vegetation in near-natural and managed beech stands: the effects of management-induced differences in dead wood. Ecol Bull 49: 219-229.
Ódor P, van Hees AFM, 2004. Preferences of dead wood inhabiting bryophytes for decay stage, log size and habitat types in Hungarian beech forests. J Bryol 26(2): 79-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/037366804225021038
Peck J, Hoganson H, Muir P, EkA, Frelich L, 2008. Using inventory projections to evaluate management options for nontimber forest product of epiphytic moss. For Sci 54(2): 185-194.
Peet RK, 1974. The measurement of species diversity. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 5: 285-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.05.110174.001441
Penttilã R, Siitonen J, Kuusinen M, 2004. Polypore diversity in managed and old-growth boreal Picea abies forests in southern Finland. Biol Conserv 117(3): 271-283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2003.12.007
Phillips R, 1981. Mushrooms and other fungi of Great Britain and Europe. Pan Books Ltd., London. 288 pp.
Pitkanen S, 1998. The use of diversity indices to assess the diversity of vegetation in managed boreal forest. For Ecol Manag 112: 121-137.
Resaneh Y, Moshtagh M H, Salehi R, 2001. Quantitative and qualitative study of north forests. P. 55-79 in Nation Seminar of Management and Sustainable Development of North Forests. Forest and Range Organization Press, Ramsar, Iran.
Sefidi K, Copenheaver CA, Kakavand M, Keivan Behjou F, 2014. Structural diversity within mature forests in northern Iran: a case study from a relic population of Persian ironwood (Parrotia persica C.A. Meyer). Forest Science 61(2):258–265. http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/forsci.13-096
Sefidi K, Marvi-Mohajer MR, Zobeyri M, Etemad V, 2008. Investigation on dead trees effects on natural regeneration of oriental beech and hornbeam in a mixed beech forest. Iranian J Forest Poplar Res 15(4): 365-373.
Siitonen J, 2001. Forest management, coarse woody debris and saproxylic organisms: Fennoscandian boreal forests as an example. Ecol Bull 49: 11-41.
Sippola A, Lehesvirta T, Renvall P, 2001. Effects of selective logging on coarse woody debris and diversity of wood-decaying polypores in eastern Finland. Ecol. Bull. 49: 243-254.
Soleimani P, 1976. Wood destroying fungi in Iran. Eur J Forest Pathol 6: 75-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.1976.tb00510.x
© CSIC. Manuscripts published are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
Forest Systems is an Open Access Journal. All articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the license CC-by must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
